When the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety announced the latest list of what it considers the safest vehicles last week, there was a surprising newcomer: a pickup truck.
This is the first time a pickup has been on the list since the institute began giving out the Top Safety Pick designation two years ago. The institute had not tested pickups for side-impact protection until recently because it said it did not have the time. Now, pickups are undergoing the complete round of tests.
The newcomer is the Toyota Tundra, which beat its domestic competitors from Ford, Nissan and Dodge. The Chevrolet Silverado and a close relative, the GMC Sierra, were not among the vehicles tested.
To be named a Top Safety Pick, a vehicle must receive a score of good — the highest rating — in the institute’s front, side and rear-impact tests. By combining these tests — which the institute says cover the most common collisions — into a single award, the institute says it believes it is easier for consumers to identify vehicles that offer the best overall protection.
Starting last year, the institute added a crash-prevention feature, electronic stability control, to its criteria. Stability control, a computerized system designed to keep vehicles from skidding out of control, must be either standard equipment or available as an option. Studies have shown that a stability system significantly reduces single-vehicle crashes caused by a loss of driver control. The institute estimated that if all vehicles were equipped with such systems, as many as 10,000 fatal crashes could be avoided each year.
The Tundra got the top pick designation even though its stability control system doesn’t work when four-wheel-drive is engaged. That has drawn criticism from Consumer Reports.
“It’s troubling to me that the one time you would really need E.S.C. — in the snow — that there is no E.S.C. available,” said David Champion, senior director of auto testing for Consumer Reports.
Of course, stability control can still be valuable when a vehicle is in two-wheel drive on dry pavement, especially in a pickup with a high center of gravity, Mr. Champion said. If a driver loses control, a stability system can help prevent a slide and keep the truck from rolling over.
Mr. Champion noted that pickups like the Silverado and Dodge Ram had stability control systems that continued to work in four-wheel drive.
Toyota said its stability control would not work in four-wheel drive because the company chose a particularly rugged design that does not incorporate a center differential. In most four-wheel-drive vehicles, the differentials deliver power to all the wheels. Toyota said that a heavy-duty truck like the Tundra wouldn’t benefit from having a center differential because that’s just one more weak part that can break.
The insurance institute was unaware that Toyota’s system did not work when four-wheel drive was engaged, a spokesman, Russ Rader, said. But “the Tundra has electronic stability control and it gets the award.”
The Tundra is one of 11 new winners for 2008, joining 23 previous Top Safety Picks. Other winners for 2008 include the Audi A3 and Honda Accord in the midsize-car category and the Subaru Impreza in the small-car category, but only those models that are equipped with optional stability control. With the addition of the Honda Odyssey minivan and the Honda Element to the list, Honda and its luxury division, Acura, now have a total of 7 of the 34 Top Safety Picks. Ford and its Volvo subsidiary have eight vehicles on the list.
Several midsize S.U.V.’s have been added, including the BMW X3 and X5 and the Toyota Highlander. Also named were Hyundai Veracruz models built after August 2007, when changes were made to the head restraints, and Saturn Vue models that will be built after December because of changes being made to a side- curtain air bag that didn’t deploy properly. Information on when a car was built can be found on the frame of the driver’s door.
Another 23 vehicles would have made the Top Safety Pick list if they had better seat and head restraint designs. Those 23 earned good ratings in front and side crash tests, but not in the rear impact test, which evaluates seats and head restraints for whiplash protection.
The institute tested three other full-size pickup trucks: the Nissan Titan, Ford F-150 and Dodge Ram. The Titan and Ram have stability control as an option; the F-150 does not. None of these, however, qualified as a top pick because none received a rating of good for rear impact, meaning their head restraints did not provide what the institute considered good protection in a rear-end collision. Other full-size pickups will be tested in 2008, the institute said.
The institute said that front and side impacts were the most common fatal crashes, killing nearly 25,000 of the 31,000 vehicle occupants who died in 2005, the latest numbers available. Rear-end crashes are usually not fatal, but they result in a large proportion of injuries. About 60 percent of insurance injury claims in 2002 reported minor neck sprains and strains, a common complaint of people involved in rear crashes.
Source: New York Times, 11/18/07
